1.基本介绍
新SAT阅读总共65分钟,5篇文章,52道题目,其中有些文章成对出现,有点文章包含图表。
段落是从文学、社会科学或者自然科学的著作或者期刊中抽取部分段落,来考察考生理解及判断能力。段落长度从100到850个单词不等。其题型也分为三大类:Information and Ideas: The Author's Message (对文本信息的考察); Rhetoric: The Author's Craft (对作者写作技能的考察);以及Synthesis(综合考察)
第一大类: Information and Ideas: The Author's Message (对文本信息的考察) 包括以下题型:
直接信息题(Explicit Meaning),该类题型能够直接从文本中找到信息,题目中通常出现如下字眼“According to the passage," "states," "indicates,"等。如: The authors indicate that people value gift-giving because they feel it...?
隐含信息题 (Implicit Meaning),该类题型需要理解文本的隐含意思,题目中通常出现如下字眼 “based on the passage,” "it can reasonably be inferred," "implies," 等。如: Based on the passage, the author's statement "..." implies that...?
类比题(Analogy),考察对文本内容特征的把握及应用,如“Which of the following situations is most analogous to the relationship mentioned in line 5 to 10?
以上三种题型都是对文本细节的考察。
循证题(Citing Textual Evidence),要求为上一题的答案寻找论据或者为某个结论提供论据。
如: Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? (寻找上一题答案论据)或者 In lines 46-50("Prosecutions...sens"), what is the most likely reason Jordan draws a distinction between two types of "parties"? (为某个结论提供论据)循证题是对文本论据的考察,在每个篇章中会出现两题,共10题。
中心思想/主旨题 (Central Idea/ Theme),是对整篇文章的主旨或段落中心思想的考察。如: The central claim of the passage is that...? (对整篇文章主旨的考察)或者 The central idea of the fourth paragraph (line 35-57) is that...? (对段落中心思想的考察)
小结题(Summary),对整篇文章或段落的小结,如:Which choice best summarizes the passage?
关系题(Relationship),考察人物,事件,观点之间的因果,对比,递进等关系,如:Which choice best describes the relationship between neurons and celebrities?
单词/词组释义题 (Interpreting Words and Phrases in Context),顾名思义,即是对单词、词组意思的考察。如:As used in line 10, "intense" most nearly means...?
以上8种题型为对文本所传达的信息的考察。
第二大类:Rhetoric: The Author's Craft (对作者写作技能的考察)包括以下题型:
单词/词组/句子功能题(Analyzing Word Choice), 包括使用目的,作用和效果。如:Woolf uses the word "we" throughout the passage mainly to...?
文本结构题(Analyzing Text Structure),对文本总体结构的考察或对部分内容与整篇文章的关系的考察。如:Over the course of the passage, the main focus of the narrative shifts from the ... to...?
观点态度题(Analyzing Point of View),对作者或人物观点,态度和立场的考察。题目中通常包括"perspective","point of view"等字眼。如:The stance Jordan takes in the passage is best described as that of...?
目的题 (Analyzing Purpose),对整篇文章或部分段落目的的考察。题目中通常包括“purpose”,“function”等字眼。选项中也通常出现“criticize”, “support”, “present”, “introduce”等字眼。如:The main purpose of the passage is to...?
论证题 (Analyzing Arguments),对作者在论证过程中的论点,反论点,论证方式和论据的考察。题目中通常出现 “claim”, “counterclaim”, “reason”, “evidence”等字眼。如:A student claims that nitrogenous bases pair randomly with one another. Which of the following statements in the passage contradicts the student's claim?
以上5种题型是对作者写作技能的考察。
第三大类:Synthesis (综合题),该类指的是涉及到双篇文章的题目或文章与图表综合考察的题目。
双篇题(Analyzing Multiple Questions)通常分为取同,取异,互联题。如下:
取同题 ,对两篇文章的相同点的考察。如:The crows in Passage 1 and the ravens in Passage 2 shared which trait?
取异题,对两篇文章的不同点的考察。如:One difference between the experiments described in the two passages is that unlike the researchers discussed in Passage 1, the author of Passage 2...?
互联题,对两篇文章的相关性的考察。如:Is the main conclusion presented by the author of Passage 2 consistent with Morgan's canon, as described in Passage 1?
以上三种题型皆涉及到对双篇文章的分析。
图表题 (Analyzing Quantitative Information) 包括对图表信息的直接或间接 的考察,以及对图表信息和文本内容的综合考察。如:Which claim about traffic congestion is supported by the graph?或者:It can reasonably be inferred from the passage and the graphic that...?
新SAT阅读尤其侧重对篇章的考察,因此需要学生拥有非常强的阅读理解能力,这其中需要足够的单词量及熟悉文章的逻辑。所以, 除了熟悉不同题型的解题以外,学生还积累足够词汇,学习一些整体策略。
1)打好词汇的基础
SAT阅读考试要求考生有1万单词左右的词汇量。这就要求考生在考试准备中将积累单词作为重要功课。同时在考试中,考生也需要熟练运用词根和词缀的知识,对于不熟悉的词汇进行大胆猜测。多阅读英文原著,对于有较长时间准备SAT考试的考生,我们建议考生平时多阅读英文原著。这对于提高阅读速度以及上下文理解、生词猜测的能力都有非常大的帮助。
2)考试中先做句子填空题
由于考试时间紧迫,考生应当遵循先易后难的原则,先将花费时间较少的句子填空题完成,再进入段落阅读。
3)采用排除法
对于一些难度比较大的题型,往往很难直接将答案选出。考生应大胆采取排除法,将错误答案排除,逐渐缩小选择范围,最后得出正确答案。SAT阅读考试重点考察考生对于美国大学教材的快速阅读能力、理解能力以及判断能力。在某些难度较大的考题中,5个选项没有一项特别合适,此时考生就需要选择含义最为接近的答案。在另一些题目中,考生会发现有两项选择从内容、逻辑、语法上都说得过去,这时则要斟酌上下文,选出最精确的选项。