如何分析长难句呢？

For Example :

The individual traveling merchant who alone handled virtually all aspects of exchange evolved into an operation involving three separate types of merchants: the sedentary merchant who ran the "home office," financing and organizing the firm’s entire export-import trade; the carriers who transported goods by land and sea; and the company agents resident in cities abroad who, on the advice of the home office, looked after sales and procurements.

【解析】

Step 1: 我们找出句子结构：

主谓宾结构：The individual traveling merchant evolve into an operation …

其他的几乎都是定语形式，

Step 2: 对句子结构进行分析

a. The individual traveling merchant who alone handled virtually all aspects of exchange定语从句修饰 merchant

b. an operation involving three separate types of merchants 现在分词作定语，修饰operation

c. the sedentary merchant who ran the "home office," financing and organizing the firm’s entire export-import trade 这里有两个定语，一个定语从句，另一个是现在分词作定语，都是来修饰 the sedentary merchant…

d. the carriers who transported goods by land and sea 定语从句来修饰 the carriers

e. and the company agents resident in cities abroad who, on the advice of the home office, looked after sales and procurements. 这里有两个定语，一个是resident in cities, 这里的resident 是形容词 “定居的”, 用来修饰 the company

agents；另一个是定语从句来修饰 the company agents.

解析后的句子如下：

The individual traveling merchant who alone handled virtually all aspects of exchange evolved into an operation involving three separate types of merchants: the sedentary merchant who ran the "home office," financing and organizing the firm’s entire export-import trade; the carriers who transported goods by land and sea; and the company agents resident in cities abroad who, on the advice of the home office, looked after sales and procurements. 定语从句

Step 3: 进行翻译

句子分析还有最后一步，就是要翻译整个句子。有时候同学们为追求速度直接省略了翻译这一步。实际上，前面做的所有分析都是为了最后一步翻译。 只有翻译出准确、通顺的汉语，我们才能真正理解并且消化这句话。如果我们理解出来的句子意思就是杂乱无章的，很难想象全篇文章读下来我们还能获取什么信息。

翻译：以前一个人几乎负责生意各个方面的旅行商人发展成为了包含三种不同商人的组织：经营总部的不会到处走动的商人，出资并组织了公司整体的进出口贸易；通过陆路和海陆运输货物的运货人员；以及居住在国外的公司代理，他们根据总部的建议负责买卖。

以上为一个比较完整的长难句分析的过程，在此过程中老师也是以学生为主导，通过让学生来进行长难句分析从而发现学生的薄弱点，从而进行因材施教、查漏补缺的；并且，在老师的指导和及时反馈下，精读整篇文章也就没有那么枯燥了。