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基本介绍 Introduction

Task 1:

1. 介绍

在作文一中,题目中会给出一些视觉性的信息,如一个或多个互相关联的图表、图解或表格,考生需对这些信息或数据进行描述。题目也可以是一个机械图、装置图、或流程图,考生需对其运作方法进行解释。作文一的内容是学术性的,因此考生应该运用学术写作的文体。


2. 要求 

文章字数不能少于150字,建议考生用20分钟完成。作文一考察的是考生在图表或表格中选择最重要和最相关的信息(一些次要的信息则可忽略)、并对这些信息进行清晰描述的能力,考官将对考生组织这些信息的能力以及语言使用的准确性进行评分。

 

3. 评分标准(Marking criteria of band 7)

Task response:  covers the requirements of the task; presents a clear overview of main trends, differences and stages; clearly presents and highlights key features/ bullet points but could be more fully extended


Coherence and cohesion:  logically organizes information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout; use a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-over-use 


Lexical resources:   Use a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; use less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation


Grammatical range and accuracy: uses a wide range of complex structures; produces frequent error-free sentences; has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.  



 Task2:

1. 介绍 

在作文二中,题目中会给出一个看法、问题或议题,考生需就此进行论述。根据不同的情况,考生可能需要针对问题提出解决方法、论述和证明一个看法、对比和对照论据或看法、或者评价和反驳一个论点或观点。这篇作文的内容是学术性的,因此考生应该运用正规的学术写作的、议论性的文体。考生应注意完整地阅读并回答题目中涉及的问题。考生应在写作中注意对所有的观点加以充分论述,并且所有的观点都与论点有关。考生应严密地安排选择论点、选择最为相关的论点,并在规定的时间内清晰、准确地写作成文。


2. 要求

文章字数不能少于250字,建议考生用40分钟完成。作文二比作文一所占的分数比例要大,如果考生没有完成这部分内容成绩将大打折扣。这一部分考察的是考生对一个论点进行论述、并提供清晰的论据或举例支持论点的能力。考官将对考生组织这些信息的能力以及语言使用的准确性进行评分。


3评分标准(Marking criteria of band 7


Task response:  Address all parts of the task; presents a clear position throughout the response; presents, extends and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over-generalize and/or supporting ideas may lack focus


Coherence and Cohesion: Logically organizes information and ideas; there is clear progression throughout; use a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over- use; presents a clear central point with each paragraph


Lexical resource: Use sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; use less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation

Grammatical range and accuracy: Use a variety of structures; produce frequent error-free sentences; has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors


思路及原则 Principles

Task 1   


1.了解并熟悉各类型题,并通过范例了解各类题型的核心思路及写法。 

数据型:bar chart; pie chart, line chart, table; mixed

实际写作过程中根据图中时间变化情况来学习

I: 静态图:  图中只有1个时间点或无时间点。

e.g.: 剑桥5 P98;剑桥7 P30


II: 动态图:  图中有3个及以上时间点 (包括年龄组合的时间)

e.g. 剑桥9 P53; 剑桥7 P53; 剑桥8 P53; 剑桥5 P52


III.   静动图: 图中只有2个时间点

e.g. 剑桥10 P54; 剑桥7 P101; 剑桥6 P53


IV.   特殊类型: 混合图 & 含将来时间

e.g. 剑桥8 P30; 剑桥10 P101; 剑桥9 P76


图 型 :map;flow chart;

I: 地图题: 方位词连接,考虑各类变化,相应词汇

e.g.剑桥9 P30; 剑桥12 P50


II: 流程图: 时间先后类型词连接,句内连接,相应词汇

e.g.:剑桥6 P75;剑桥10 P101;剑桥8 P75


2. 学习并且熟记各类型题的常用词,句式及连接词,可通过看范文总结也可看老师整理的讲义


3. 通过练习找到写作的错误,逻辑性,用词及用句,并在这个过程中查缺补漏。


4.通过增加词句多样性复杂性,以及文章内容充实性,来提高整体写作质量。



Task2


1. 了解并熟悉各类型题,并通过范例了解各类题型的核心思路及写法。 


Argumentation(辩证类):

I: To what extent do you agree or disagree? 

e.g. Some believe that the government should spend more money on other important things than arts. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement.


II: Is this a positive or negative development?  

e.g. It is more affordable for people to visit other countries. In your opinion, is it a positive or negative development?


III. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

e.g. Some people think secondary school students should learn international news as one of their subjects, while others believe that this is a waste of valuable school time. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.


IV: Do you think the disadvantage of such a development outweigh advantages?

e.g. In the past, people used to travel abroad to look many differences. Nowadays, places all over the world are more and more similar. Do you think the advantages of this phenomenon outweigh the disadvantages .


Report(分析问题解决问题型):

I: Reasons/factors/effects+solutions/effects 

e.g. Nowadays the population tend to live individually or in a small family unit. Why is the case? What are the effects?


e.g. These days, it seems that an increasing number of people are traveling from rural areas to live in the city. Discuss some of the effects of rural depopulation and suggest some ways in which this trend could be reversed.


II:特殊问法

e.g. 100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?


Mixed: Report + argumentation (分析问题+辩证性)

I: Factors/reasons+ positive or negative 

e.g. In modern society, ambition is more and more important. How important is ambition for being successful in life? Is ambition a positive or negative characteristic?


II: Factors+ one statement 

e.g. As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?


2. 通过练习及看范文熟悉大作文的不同话题 (教育; 生态环境;科技;媒体;政府;政府;社会家庭;犯罪;文化语言;全球化;职业发展;生活方式),并掌握其中相关词汇。


3. 练习过程中,根据评分标准(task response, coherence and cohesion, lexical resources, grammatical accuracy and range) 修改作文以达到标准,可反复修改。


4. 特别注意的是: task response以及coherence and cohesion是目前影响中国学生雅思写作分数最大的两个因素,需特别学习。 Lexical resource 和grammar accuracy and range方面,用词用句的前后文非常重要,所用词句需符合英文习惯及这篇文章的表达需求。切忌为了用好词好句而用好词好句。

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